Israeli police prevented Catholic leaders from entering the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to celebrate mass on the Christian holiday of Palm Sunday for the first time in centuries, the Latin Patriarchate said on Sunday.

Jerusalem‘s major holy sites are closed because of the ongoing Iran war, as the city has come under frequent fire from Iranian missiles.

The Catholic Church called the police decision “a manifestly unreasonable and grossly disproportionate measure”. It prevented two of the church’s top religious leaders, including Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa and the head of the Custos in the Holy Land, from celebrating Palm Sunday at the place where Christians believe Jesus was crucified.

Palm Sunday commemorates Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem and launches the Holy Week commemorations for Christians who follow the Latin calendar, which culminates in Easter next Sunday.

The Israeli police said they had notified the Catholic Church on Saturday that no mass could take place on Palm Sunday because of safety considerations, including the lack of access for emergency vehicles in the narrow alleys of the Old City and a shortage of adequate shelter.

However, the Latin Patriarchate said the Church of the Holy Sepulchre has been hosting masses that aren’t open to the public since the Iran war began on 28 February and it was unclear why Sunday’s mass and access by the two priests were any different.

“It’s a very, very sacred day for Christians and, in our opinion, there was no justification for such a decision or such an action,” said Farid Jubran, the spokesperson for the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

Mr Jubran said that the church had requested permission from the police for a few religious leaders to enter the church for a private mass on Sunday, not one that was open to the public. The Patriarchate said that the decision impeded freedom of worship and the status quo in Jerusalem.

The traditional Palm Sunday procession normally sees tens of thousands of Christians from around the world walk from the Mount of Olives down the narrow, hilly streets toward the Old City, waving palm fronds and singing.

The Patriarchate cancelled the traditional processional last week because of safety concerns, and has held masses limited to fewer than 50 worshippers in compliance with the Israeli military’s guidelines for civilians.

Cardinal Pizzaballa celebrated mass in the nearby St Savior’s Monastery, a soaring marble church which is located next to an underground music school that the Israeli military has deemed a safe shelter space. Later on Sunday, the cardinal held a prayer for peace at the Dominus Flevit Shrine on the Mount of Olives, but kept his homily concentrated on Jesus and didn’t mention the morning’s incident.

Pope Leo XIV, at the end of Palm Sunday mass in St Peter’s Square, prayed for all Christians in the Middle East who he said were living through an “atrocious” conflict. He said that “in many cases, they cannot live fully the rites of these holy days”, though he didn’t elaborate.

The Vatican spokesman didn’t immediately respond when asked to comment on the Jerusalem incident.

Italy formally protested over the incident to Israeli authorities. Premier Giorgia Meloni said: “The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is a sacred site of Christianity, and as such must be preserved and protected for the celebration of sacred rites,” Ms Meloni said. “Preventing the Patriarch of Jerusalem and the Custos of the Holy Land from entering, especially on a solemnity central to the faith such as Palm Sunday, constitutes an offence not only against believers but against every community that recognises religious freedom.”

Ms Meloni’s conservative government tried to keep a balanced position with Israel during the war in Gaza, supporting Israel’s right to defend itself but condemning the toll on Palestinians.

The Italian leader has also said that Italy won’t participate in the Iran war, while affirming that the Islamic Republic can’t be allowed to possess nuclear weapons.

Foreign minister Antonio Tajani instructed Italy’s ambassador to Israel to convey the protest “and to reaffirm Italy’s commitment to protecting religious freedom at all times and under all circumstances”.

In addition, Mr Tajani summoned the Israeli ambassador to Italy for talks on Monday at the Italian foreign ministry to seek clarification about the decision.