A slew of racist social media comments have been made towards Australians missing in the catastrophic Nepal-Tibet floods, prompting calls for greater accountability of major platforms to remove hateful rhetoric.

On Monday, the total number of Australians missing after flash floods triggered by a massive glacier collapse in the Himalayas rose to 43, and the overall death toll was at least 810 people.

Most of the missing Australians were on pilgrimages, including to Mount Kailash in Tibet, which is a sacred site for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and followers of the Bon faith. Fourteen are Sydney-based members of the Australia Bharatha Brahmin Samaj community.

As families and friends face an agonising wait to learn the fate of their loved ones, mainstream media outlets including News Corp, Channel 7, Channel 10 and Nine have been hit with highly offensive and discriminatory comments on Facebook articles identifying the missing Australians in Nepal.

Some outlets, including Guardian Australia, have limited who can comment on posts about the missing tourists after receiving strings of racist replies on social media.

One Daily Telegraph article received dozens of comments on Facebook from people claiming that missing citizens who were not white weren’t Australian, which were later deleted. One said: “Hoping we have new vacancies in Australia that Aussies can fill.”

The outlet’s editor, Ben English, said the comments on the post were “abhorrent” and “have no place on our platforms”.

“We are responsible for the comment threads on our pages and we take that responsibility seriously … But no automated filter reliably catches racism expressed in coded language,” he said.

“Where we cannot actively moderate a thread on a sensitive story, we will close it – and we have moved to do that here.”

The comments have also proliferated on X. One post by conservative commentator, Kobie Thatcher, who wrote “Aussie family” alongside an image of an identified missing couple, was viewed 3.2m times.

Associate Prof at QUT’s Digital Media Research Centre, Tim Graham, said hateful rhetoric had been increasing on social media platforms for the past decade.

“The design architecture of these websites, the algorithms that they use to curate content and put it into feeds, rewards this kind of stuff,” he said.

“It brings out the worst in people, but it also plays into the political economy of these platforms where rage bait, extreme content or borderline content … attracts so much attention.”

He said platforms had the technical infrastructure and the resources to push back against harmful content, including generative AI models that could detect “nuanced content at scale”, but weren’t using it for moderation.

“I really don’t understand why that can’t be applied in special circumstances to a really terrible humanitarian catastrophe like this,” he said. “It’s a bit mind-boggling.”

The race discrimination commissioner, Giridharan Sivaraman, said he wasn’t surprised by the comments, which he connected to Australia’s current debate on migrants.

“They’re saying, you don’t deserve to … be seen as Australian. And that’s amplified by the rhetoric of far-right populist parties,” he said.

“We should be very concerned because it’s indicative of a real rise in white supremacy ideology … Words have consequences … It’s heartbreaking.”

Sivaraman said racism was “profitable” for social media companies, and the notion they were attempting to stop hate speech on their platforms was “fanciful”.

“This is just more evidence as to why we need a digital duty of care for all social media platforms that operate in Australia,” he said.

Hindu Council of Australia vice-president Surinder Jain said it was “saddening” to see people making use of a tragedy to “express their displeasure with the government”.

“I … ask them to show some dignity to those who have perished and the families of those who are mourning their loss: give them a fair go,” he told Guardian Australia.

Australia’s Indian diaspora, which includes Hindus, has been the target of racist comments from far-right movements including March for Australia as immigration has emerged as a hot-button issue.
Nepalese Australian Welfare Society president, Chiran Tiwari, said Australians needed to look past nationalities and have humanity.

“It is very hurtful and the families who are impacted feel really, really bad,” he told Guardian Australia. “All of us are human.”