A federal commission handed final approval to Donald Trump’s planned 250-foot (76-meter) memorial arch on an 8-4 vote, only for a judge to step in before midnight and block the administration from breaking ground for 14 days.

The National Capital Planning Commission meeting that produced the vote ran for 9 ½ hours late into Thursday night, with more than 120 witnesses on hand.

The remote, call-in hearing crashed repeatedly and was accompanied by a nearly universally negative comment section.

Witnesses gave impassioned, three-minute comments opposing an arch they said would destroy the solemnity of nearby Arlington National Cemetery.

The Trump-appointed chairman of the commission, however, launched into a gushing appraisal of the towering monument and lauded Trump for wanting to build it.

The vote and the court order came in the same week that an election soundly repudiated the president’s policies, handing Democrats control of Congress.

The clouds of scrutiny are already gathering

Despite Trump’s affinity for project management, the work the administration is doing to change the physical face of the District of Columbia will face far more roadblocks than it did in the first two years of his second term.

From the renaming and renovation plans for the Kennedy Center to remaking a public golf course and erecting an arch 100 feet (30.48 meters) taller than the Statue of Liberty without its pedestal, the president has been deeply involved in how D.C. looks.

Democrats have voiced opposition but, in terms of power, have been in the wilderness.

The potential collision point between Democrats’ oppositional oversight and the president’s preoccupation with the projects was evident in his last message to the American public before the election, and in his first afterward, too.

Both focused to some degree on his projects.

On Monday, it was the reflecting pool in front of the Lincoln Memorial; on Wednesday, it was a tour of the under-construction White House ballroom, where he talked about columns, steel beams, and Corinthian designs.

That Wednesday appearance was his first public one since the election, and it turned to a topic both familiar and, given the context, surprising: not his policies or politics, but his efforts to remake pieces of the city that is the backdrop to his presidency.

Rep. Jared Huffman of California, the top Democrat on the Natural Resources Committee with jurisdiction over the Interior Department, which oversees operations at parks and federal lands, spent much of the past year probing and questioning Trump’s projects, laying the groundwork for this moment.

“We’ve pushed back against vanity projects that seek to transform treasured public spaces into gaudy tributes to Trump. We exposed corruption, uncovered the efforts to hijack America’s 250th birthday, demanded accountability, and offered a compelling alternative governing vision grounded in science, fairness, environmental responsibility, and the rule of law,” Huffman said in a letter to colleagues seeking their support to be chairman.

As chairman with a strong Democratic majority, “I will ensure that the Committee’s full investigative and oversight authority is leveraged to uncover wrongdoing, demand accountability, and protect the public interest,” he said.

Trump has been rushing the various projects, a point Virginia Democratic Rep. Don Beyer made Thursday at a public hearing when he opposed construction of the memorial arch the president has planned in Memorial Circle directly across the Memorial Bridge from the Lincoln Memorial.

“The appropriations process beginning Jan. 3 will be controlled by Democrats. That will be one of the ways Congressman Beyer will step in,” said Beyer’s spokesman Aaron Fritschner.

While Democrats have joined in lawsuits opposing the various projects, their filings don’t carry the weight of Congress as the minority. “You’ll see the new majority pulling back the balance of power that (House Speaker) Mike Johnson was willing to cede,” Fritschner said.

Beyer has already been a critic, Fritschner said, and cited other members who have signed on in amicus briefs.

U.S. District Judge Tanya Chutkan is considering a motion from three veterans and an architectural historian to stop any work until the lawsuit is resolved.

A separate lawsuit filed Saturday by the District of Columbia and Virginia has been consolidated with the existing one.

D.C. and Virginia have asked for a temporary restraining order, which Chutkan granted late Thursday with her 14-day delay.

A planning commission hearing for the arch featured dozens of witnesses

At Wednesday’s ballroom construction site tour, Trump spoke about the ballroom, the East Potomac Golf Links, the National Garden of American Heroes proposed for West Potomac Park, and the arch.

All four have been, or are currently in, litigation.

One of them, the golf course, has become an undertaking beyond potential construction.

U.S. District Judge Ana Reyes said she plans to open a “formal inquiry” to investigate whether attorneys for the Trump administration violated ethical boundaries during a legal dispute over that project.

Skye Perryman, president and CEO of Democracy Forward, which is representing the plaintiffs in several of the lawsuits, said the switch of control means the organizations that have filed lawsuits and challenged the administration will now be joined by Congress.

Organizations like hers will continue challenging the administration in court, she said, but “the important thing now is that the American people now have a tool that’s not just in the courts.”

Added Perryman: “We hope and we anticipate Congress will fulfill its constitutional duty of checking executive branch excesses.” That includes hearings and investigations into funding plans and sources, she said.

Information about estimates for work on the projects has been slim, even in court, with assessments trickling out during testimony in some cases.

One number, for example, revolves around the seawall at the golf course, which would exceed $300 million.

Beyond the courts, Congress is now an added bulwark

Congress appropriated $257 million to renovate the Kennedy Center.

Associated Press numbers show that as of Thursday, the incoming Congress will have 54 Democratic senators and 237 representatives, compared to 44 Republicans and 147 representatives now in office.

A less appreciated impact will be who names the general counsel of the House.

The House Speaker has that role, presumably Rep. Hakeem Jeffries.

Another area that could impact the District of Columbia is the change in governorships.

Texas, Georgia, Iowa and Nevada all have Democrats coming into power as a result of Tuesday’s elections.

They account for more than 600 National Guard members involved in the mobilization Trump ordered in August 2025.

Democrats who provided troops during the celebration of the United States’ 250th anniversary were roundly criticized for their participation and removed their troops and airmen months ago.

Nearly 3,100 are stationed in the city now, up slightly from last month.

The White House did not respond to requests for comment.