LONDON — Dutiful rather than dynamic, Keir Starmer was elected Britain’s prime minister to be a safe pair of hands who would end years of political chaos under the Conservatives.

Less than two years later, his term is ending after missteps, party infighting and one colossal error of judgment that indirectly ensnared him in the scandals surrounding Jeffrey Epstein, a man he had never met and in whose sexual crimes he was not complicit.

On Monday, Starmer said in an emotional statement that he was stepping down as leader of the governing Labour Party, though he will remain caretaker prime minister until a new Labour leader is chosen in the coming weeks.

“The question my party is asking now is whether I am best placed to lead us into the next general election,” he said. “I have heard the answer of my parliamentary party to that question, and I accept that answer with good grace.”

Starmer’s selling point was “no more soap opera politics,” said Rob Ford, a political science professor at the University of Manchester. Instead, Ford said, his government was “the antithesis of what he said he was going to be about, and it’s very hard to survive that.”

A trouncing for Labour in a midterm set of local and regional elections on May 7 proved the final straw. It triggered a series of government resignations and challenges that look set to sweep former Greater Manchester Mayor Andy Burnham into 10 Downing Street.

It’s a precipitous downfall from July 4, 2024, when Starmer brought the center-left Labour Party back to power after 14 years, winning 411 of the 650 seats in the House of Commons.

Standing outside 10 Downing St. the next day, Starmer pledged to restore “respect to politics” and lead a government of “public service.” After the chaos of the last years of Conservative rule, which saw a constant churn of scandal and the toppling of prime ministers Boris Johnson and Liz Truss in quick succession, Starmer promised to lower the temperature and make politics a little bit more boring.

Some of the problems that felled him were baked into his victory, which was built on a wide but shallow base of support. Labour won a huge majority in Parliament but was backed by only 34% of voters — and many of those appeared motivated by anger at the Conservatives rather than enthusiasm for Labour. It’s been termed the “loveless landslide.”

This lack of excitement for his government was compounded by missteps. An early furor over accepting valuable gifts, including designer spectacles and Taylor Swift concert tickets, was followed by a series of policy U-turns, especially clumsy attempts to cut welfare spending that stirred anger in Labour ranks.

What ultimately destroyed his credibility was his appointment of Peter Mandelson to the plum post of the United Kingdom’s ambassador to the U.S. It was an error of judgment he couldn’t shake off.

Mandelson, a Labour Party elder statesman nicknamed the “Prince of Darkness,” was seen as someone who could help Britain navigate U.S. President Donald Trump’s second term. His trade expertise and comfort around the ultra-rich were considered major assets.

But the choice of Mandelson — who in 2003 called himself Epstein’s “best pal” — backfired spectacularly when documents came to light in September 2025 showing how close his ties to Epstein had been. Starmer fired Mandelson, but further revelations in the following months plunged his leadership into crisis.

Because Starmer entered politics in his 50s, after a successful law career, he lacked the “political radar” to spot potential booby traps, Ford said.

Starmer’s legal career culminated in him becoming chief prosecutor for England and Wales, a role that included prosecuting people charged with terrorism, organized crime and other serious offenses. He was knighted for his role leading the Crown Prosecution Service, and opponents liked to use his title, Sir Keir Starmer, to paint him as elite and an out-of-touch “lefty London lawyer.”

That view of Starmer stuck, even though he comes from humble roots and has down-to-earth tastes.

The son of a toolmaker, as he mentioned repeatedly in speeches, he loves soccer — still plays the sport at 63 — and enjoys nothing more than watching his beloved team Arsenal over a beer in his local pub. He and his wife Victoria, who works in occupational health, have two teenage children they strive to keep out of the public eye.

First elected to Parliament in 2015, Starmer was picked to lead and rebuild Labour five years later after the party’s worst election result since 1935. Starmer dragged Labour toward the political center after taking over from veteran socialist Jeremy Corbyn, who led Labour to election defeats in 2017 and 2019. Starmer ditched some of his predecessor’s more left-wing policies and apologized for antisemitism that an internal investigation concluded had been allowed to spread under Corbyn.

Starmer’s forensic and prosecutorial skills were on display in Parliament, where he tormented the three Conservative prime ministers he faced. He was especially scathing in attacks on Boris Johnson, who allowed parties inside Downing Street during the COVID-19 pandemic, in violation of the country’s lockdown rules.

But being prime minister required a different skill set and Starmer often fell short, lacking the flexibility and political instincts that the job requires — at least on the domestic front.

He attracted a level of vitriol from some voters out of step with his managerial demeanor. Hard-right activists shouted crude abuse at protests, he alienated retirees and working-class families with attempts to cut welfare benefits and angered pro-Palestinian voters with a perceived reluctance to criticize Israel during the Gaza war.

He seemed far more comfortable dealing with international events, notably in rallying European support for Ukraine in its war with Russia and in working to mitigate the economic and political turmoil unleashed by the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran.

That conflict opened a rift between Starmer and Trump, with whom he had initially forged a friendly relationship despite their divergent politics.

“He’s liberal, which is a bit different from me, but I think he’s a very good person and I think he’s done a very good job thus far,” Trump said in January.

Initially reluctant to criticize Trump publicly, Starmer began taking a firmer stand after the U.S. president’s threats to take over Greenland. Starmer’s critiques became sharper after the start of the Iran war, and by March Trump was deriding him as “not Winston Churchill” and mocking the Royal Navy.

Starmer’s decision to largely keep the U.K. out of the war chimed with the public mood but did not revive support for Labour.

In his resignation statement Monday, Starmer was at pains to point out what he considers to be a series of domestic accomplishments, including a fall in the number of people waiting for treatment in the state-run National Health Service, more rights for workers and renters rights and signs that the British economy was finally turning a corner in the months prior to the Iran war.

Starmer said his successor “will inherit a Britain that is far stronger and fairer than the one I inherited two years ago, better prepared for the challenges ahead, and better able to ensure the Labour Party secures a second term in office.”

But Starmer just wasn’t able to sell that story of his government and support for Labour just wouldn’t budge higher. After Labour was handed a drubbing by voters in May’s local and regional elections, the party took action.

A Labour lawmaker in Greater Manchester stepped down so Burnham could run for a seat in Parliament. He won decisively and called the moment a “turning point” for British politics. Days later, Starmer announced his intention to step down.