The 2002 FIFA World Cup, co-hosted by Japan and South Korea, was a tournament of firsts. It was the first time the tournament ventured to Asia, the first time it was co-hosted by two nations, and arguably the first time the established European and South American hierarchies were profoundly shaken on the global stage.

The tournament was marked by unforeseen events that changed the course of the World Cup, allowing emerging football nations to make a mark in the global event.

Here is the comprehensive course of the shockers that unfolded during the tournament.

The Defending Champions Stunned on Opening Day

France showed up in Seoul as the undisputed kings of football, holding both the World and European titles. They were missing Zinedine Zidane due to a thigh injury, but nobody expected a squad featuring Thierry Henry and Patrick Vieira to struggle against a Senegal side making their World Cup debut.

Yet, the unthinkable happened. Papa Bouba Diop scrambled home a scrappy first-half goal, celebrated by dancing around the corner flag, and Senegal pulled off a 1-0 upset that still echoes today. France never recovered. The defending champions went home after the group stages without scoring a single goal.

South Korea Eliminates the Mighty Italians

The co-hosts, managed by Guus Hiddink, ran on pure adrenaline and the deafening roar of the “Red Devils” fan base. Their Round of 16 clash against a star-studded Italy is still discussed with sheer disbelief.

The Italians felt aggrieved from the start. Francesco Totti was sent off for a highly debatable dive, and a golden goal for Italy was controversially disallowed for offside. Riding their luck and utilizing their relentless stamina, South Korea’s Ahn Jung-hwan scored a dramatic golden goal to send Italy packing. The furious Italian press claimed robbery, and the scorer, who actually played his club football in Italy for Perugia at the tim,e was bizarrely sacked by his club’s president the very next day.

The Highway Robbery of Spain

If the Italians felt robbed in the Round of 16, Spain experienced absolute heartbreak in the quarter-finals against the same South Korean side. This match is widely regarded as one of the most controversially officiated games in World Cup history.

Spain had two perfectly legal goals disallowed by Egyptian referee Gamal Al-Ghandour and his assistants. First, Ruben Baraja’s header was canceled out for a phantom foul in the box. Then, in extra time, young winger Joaquin beat his man and floated a beautiful cross for Fernando Morientes to head into the empty net. The linesman incorrectly raised his flag, claiming the ball had crossed the byline before Joaquin crossed it. Television replays proved the ball was nearly half a meter inside the line. Spain was dragged to a penalty shootout, where the exhausted Joaquin missed his spot-kick, sending South Korea to the semis and leaving Spain in tears.

Turkey’s Incredible Cinderella Run

While South Korea grabbed the headlines, Turkey quietly pulled off one of the greatest underdog stories in international football. Making only their second-ever World Cup appearance (and first since 1954), Senol Gunes’s squad played with immense heart and tactical discipline.

After scraping through the group stages, they eliminated co-hosts Japan and then broke Senegalese hearts with an Ilhan Mansiz golden goal in the quarter-finals. Though they were narrowly beaten 1-0 by a legendary Brazilian side in the semis, Turkey finished their historic campaign by beating South Korea in the third-place playoff. That game also featured Turkish legend Hakan Sukur scoring the fastest goal in World Cup history, finding the net just 11 seconds after kickoff.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup was a beautiful, chaotic shift from the duopoly of Europe and South America, as emerging nations proved they could also be giant-killers. Yet, between the unpredictability and refereeing scandals, it provided one of the most satisfying heroics in sports history where Ronaldo single-handedly won the World Cup for Brazil by scoring 8 goals throughout the tournament.